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Ralph Neville (or Ralf Nevill;〔Clanchy ''From Memory to Written Record'' p. 90〕 died 1244) was a medieval clergyman and politician who served as Bishop of Chichester and Lord Chancellor of England. Neville first appears in the historical record in 1207 in the service of King John of England, and remained in royal service throughout the rest of his life. By 1213 Neville had custody of the Great Seal of England, although he was not named chancellor, the office responsible for the seal, until 1226. He was rewarded with the bishopric of Chichester in 1222. Although he was also briefly Archbishop-elect of Canterbury and Bishop-elect of Winchester, both elections were set aside, or quashed, and he held neither office. As keeper of the seal, and subsequently as chancellor, Neville was noted for his impartiality, and he oversaw a number of changes in the way the chancery operated. Neville was deprived of the Great Seal in 1238 after quarrelling with the king, but continued to hold the title of chancellor until his death. He died in his London palace, built on a street later renamed Chancery Lane owing to his connection with the chancery. ==Early life== Neville, who was illegitimate,〔 had at least three brothers: Nicholas de Neville, a canon at Chichester Cathedral; William de Neville, treasurer of the see of Chichester; and Robert de Neville, holder of a prebend at Chichester.〔 The identity of their father is unknown,〔Young ''Making of the Neville Family'' p. xiii〕 but another likely sibling was Roger, who held land in Lincolnshire.〔Vincent "Origins of the Chancellorship" ''English Historical Review'' pp. 111–112〕 Robert became Chancellor of the Exchequer, and Nicholas a baron of the Exchequer.〔Vincent "Origins of the Chancellorship" ''English Historical Review'' pp. 109–110〕 Ralph Neville was also related to Hugh de Neville, King John of England's chief forester.〔Greenway ''(Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: Volume 5: Chichester: Bishops )''〕 Neville was a royal clerk to King John in the spring of 1207, and in December of that year was at Marlborough Castle on royal business.〔Cazel "Neville, Ralph de" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''〕 Earlier references to a Ralph Neville who in 1207 delivered items to Hugh de Neville, or the Ralph Neville who was the same Hugh de Neville's chaplain, may be to the future bishop, but the evidence is inconclusive. Hugh de Neville and Neville subsequently worked together, and corresponded on both business and personal affairs. Both men claimed the other as a kinsman.〔Young ''Making of the Neville Family'' p. 35〕 Neville's activities during the years immediately after 1207 are unknown, owing to the lack of royal records, but in December 1213 he was given custody of the Great Seal of the kingdom.〔 He was Dean of Lichfield by 11 April 1214, at which time he held a prebend in the diocese of London.〔Greenway ''(Fasti Ecclesiae Anglicanae 1066–1300: Volume 5: Chichester: Chancellors )''〕 Neville was appointed to the royal chancery in about 1214, largely through the patronage of Peter des Roches, the Bishop of Winchester and one of the king's favourites.〔Vincent ''Peter des Roches'' p. 477〕 From March to October 1214, Neville was in France with the king. After the king returned to England after 1214, Neville remained in royal service until at least May 1216, although without custody of the Great Seal. His activities during the final period of John's reign prior to the king's sudden death in October 1216 are unknown.〔〔Clanchy ''England and its Rulers'' p. 192〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ralph Neville」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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